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Proteome changes during the coral life cycle transition from swimming planulae to settling larvae

Plant and animal Proteomics

Abstract #245 Posted on28 March 202529 April 2025 29 April 2025 22h46

Abstract

Coral larval metamorphosis is a critical life cycle transition from swimming planula to benthic polyp, key for reproductive success and coral population survival. Our goal was to identify proteins related to this process in settling coral larvae to explore the underlying physiological changes.
Planula larvae emitted from aquarium propagated Pocillopora acuta Lamarck 1816 colonies spontaneously underwent metamorphosis in vitro in filtered seawater. We conducted a longitudinal study of coral larval proteome, via nano LC-MS/MS based (LFQ) proteomics of swimming planula versus stage 4 settling larvae (released from 4 parental colonies and sorted out morphologically). Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were highlighted (fold change ratio > 2, pvalue< 0.05) leading to the identification of 102 proteins over (58) or under (44) expressed at onset of metamorphosis, associated with biological processes such as energy production, cytoskeleton remodeling and biocalcification, but also oxidative stress protection and innate immunity activation.
Additionally, to refine the spatial localization of key proteins involved in metamorphosis, we further analyzed the proteome of planula larvae bisected into oral and aboral pole halves, identifying 25 DEPs enriched at the aboral pole. This tissue specialization may support metamorphosis initiation, as the aboral pole is involved in substrate probing and perception of environmental cues that trigger larval settlement.

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Coral larval metamorphosis is a critical life cycle transition from swimming planula to benthic polyp, key for reproductive success and coral population survival. Our goal was to identify proteins related to this process in settling coral larvae to explore the underlying physiological changes.
Planula larvae emitted from aquarium propagated Pocillopora acuta Lamarck 1816 colonies spontaneously underwent metamorphosis in vitro in filtered seawater. We conducted a longitudinal study of coral larval proteome, via nano LC-MS/MS based (LFQ) proteomics of swimming planula versus stage 4 settling larvae (released from 4 parental colonies and sorted out morphologically). Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were highlighted (fold change ratio &gt; 2, pvalue&lt; 0.05) leading to the identification of 102 proteins over (58) or under (44) expressed at onset of metamorphosis, associated with biological processes such as energy production, cytoskeleton remodeling and biocalcification, but also oxidative stress protection and innate immunity activation.
Additionally, to refine the spatial localization of key proteins involved in metamorphosis, we further analyzed the proteome of planula larvae bisected into oral and aboral pole halves, identifying 25 DEPs enriched at the aboral pole. This tissue specialization may support metamorphosis initiation, as the aboral pole is involved in substrate probing and perception of environmental cues that trigger larval settlement.

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