Cellular mechanisms of adaptation in response to extreme environments in the pacific oyster Crassostera gigas in Brittany and the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata in Qatar.

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The pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is a marine invertebrate that appeared 500 million years ago and is now present on almost every continent. C. gigas lives in an extreme environment, the intertidal zone, a hyper-dynamic, multi-stress coastal habitat. It is naturally confronted with major and rapid changes in its micro-environmental conditions (oxygen, pH, temperature, pressure, nutrition), as a result of the tides (emersion or immersion). The extreme intertidal environment is therefore a veritable natural laboratory for studying responses to multi-stress in marine invertebrates. Today, only one cell-type is capable of resisting such extreme microenvironmental conditions: human cancer cells. A better understanding of extreme adaptations in oysters will enable us to attack human cancer cells more effectively.
Using proteomics, we have shown that C. gigas adapts to the extreme intertidal environment by inducing cellular changes in mitochondria, metabolism and telomere length. In addition, these changes have ecophysiological consequences: boosted immunity, improved survival, and reduced growth. We are currently studying the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata from Qatar, which lives in the world's warmest and one of the saltiest known sea that supports diverse marine life, the Arabian Gulf. Our aim is to identify the mechanisms involved in resistance to a natural environment even more extreme than that encountered by C. gigas oysters.
Oysters thus become key models for identifying a

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